Be Thankful!

Hope you had a good day yesterday, and that the walk in the rain was refreshing!

If you are caught up with the homework (see last blog) and have reviewed the entire chapter 18, and filled out the three worksheets, you are mostly done.  Just make sure to get a quick review in before Monday's class (skim the chapter and review notes from SJ and worksheets including the chart from class)  and of course, the Song:

And Now, the Periodic Table...

Keep working on that song!

Print out these THREE worksheets to fill in while you read the textbook. Chapter 18, section 3 on the Periodic Table
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B07s3-bcUr7tQVV6RHJIODRUaHc/view?usp=sharing
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B07s3-bcUr7tRmU1NnpuWFA2UEE/view?usp=sharing
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B07s3-bcUr7tTzZfdnY3bUtjZWc/view

And a few more short vids...

And speaking of electrons, since they do not orbit around the nucleus as Rutherford imagined, what do they do, and where are they located?  The answer is not orbits, but orbitals...

Last not-quite random subject that we touched on last Thursday: Radioactivity: What Is It?

Basic Stuff about Atoms

Review Worksheet - The first worksheet handed out -- questions from the textbook, chapter 18, sections 1 & 2. Find the answers. (This may be easier after you watch the videos).

4  videos to watch - take notes on any new vocabulary words - like isotopes, valence electrons, atomic mass number, atomic number.  They are each 6-15 minutes long, and not exactly entertaining, but plow though, or take breaks. Listen more than note-take, just write down highlights, especially vocabulary.  (The more notes you take, the less you have to go back and re-learn.)

1. Atomic Structure meets the Periodic Table

2. Atomic Number, Mass Number and Net Charge

3. What is an Isotope?

4. Valence electrons and the Periodic Table 

Now that you have watched these four videos, and using the periodic table that I handed out in class, see if you can figure out at least some of the worksheet/chart that I handed out.  Some of you will find this kinda fun, and maybe some will think it is confusing to start, but give it a shot.  It's a puzzle.

EXTRA Credit, if you are interested: How Carbon-14 Works [3 computer pages of reading]

Charge!

In case you missed it, here are the two videos from class: (if you were in class but did not take notes, re-watch the videos and take the notes described below.)
1. Just How Small is an Atom?  in your SJ, copy & illustrate  at least three of the comparisons that are given. {example: If all the atoms in a grapefruit were the size of a blueberry, the grapefruit would be as big as the earth.}

2. How Big is an Atom?  As you watch this video, make a list in your SJ of all the steps  down-sizing, starting with the 10 meter maple tree to the incredibly small neutrino particle. 12 min.

3. How Protons, Electrons and Neutrons Were Discovered:  Take notes in your SJ. Include the names of the scientists, the discovery and  the year of the discovery, and an illustration of the experiment. 14 min.

4. Atomic Structure: yes on notes.  12 minutes.

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5. Build an Atom: pHet simulation: http://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/build-an-atom/latest/build-an-atom_en.html

Build the first 10 elements (stable and neutral).(hydrogen through neon) and learn their symbols (draw 5 different atoms in your SJ)  Try out both orbital and cloud models. And play the games (figure out for yourself what is an ion, stable, neutral, etc.) 

6. MEMORIZE the first 20 elements, in order! and their symbols.  REQUIRED!

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So there you go.  Your science journal should have lots of new stuff in it, and you should make sure it has a title page for chapter 18 as well as a table of contents.  Draw a lot (but not random stuff!) 

Simpler when it's Sorted

How many of you have to take out the trash?  It used to be so simple; everything just went to one place--the Can.  Nowadays, there are at least 3 cans, one for recyclables, one for yard waste and one for the true trash.  It must be sorted, and the recycling even gets sorted again wherever it goes.  Although it is confusing, it is also extremely helpful and that's why we bother.

Classifying Matter - the chapter we just studied - same thing.  To understand more easily, we sort matter into categories. All of matter can be sorted into two piles; it's either a pure substance or it's a mixture of pure substances.  (Our textbook says something is either a substance or it is a mixture, but I think "substance" sounds too much like "stuff'" so I'm adding the word "pure" to clarify.) Everything must be either pure or a mixture.

Most of the world around us would be put in the mixture pile.  We have to look hard to find anything in nature that is pure.  The air we breathe is a mixture of gases; the water we drink, we have to purify first (and even then it contains impurities). Looking around the room right now I can't see a single thing that isn't mixed.  The salt on my table is pure, but it has been through a process to separate it from its impurities.

Our textbook gives us a few categories for mixtures: solutions, colloids and suspensions.  This is mainly so you can see what a pure substance is NOT.  After this chapter we won't talk about them too much (except solutions).

What we will talk about are pure substances, and we can sort them into two groups. First there are the elements, which are made of a single type of atom, such as hydrogen or helium or carbon or gold.  Not many of these, only about 90 in nature.  But lots and lots of combinations (COMPOUNDS). The compounds have more than one type of atom combined together,  but they are not mixtures because the atoms are bonded to each other strongly and in a definite proportion. For instance, water is a compound; it is composed of two atoms of hydrogen joined like siamese twins to one atom of oxygen.  Water (H2O) is completely different than a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gases, even though it is made of hydrogen and oxygen. And it is completely different than H2O2, hydrogen peroxide (the stuff in the brown bottle that fizzes when we put it on cuts), because that extra oxygen atom changes A LOT. It changes its identity. It changes its physical and chemical properties. (Sidenote: that bottle of hydrogen peroxide is a mixture of 3% H202 and the rest is simply H20; if you had 30% hydrogen peroxide solution, then you'd see more than fizzing!). H2O2 is not H2O.

The other thing we had to sort through was the pile of physical and chemical properties and  changes.

Each pure substance has its own chemical identity and therefore its own unique set of chemical and physical properties.  A mixture has a jumble of properties.

These are the main ideas from chapter 17: Classifying Matter.  If you think you did poorly on the test, please read the chapter again this weekend.  Chapter 18 focuses on atoms, elements and the periodic table.

Here are two videos to watch: (30 minutes total) Notes in journal

just for fun, a teaspoon made of gallium

upcoming test & starting a new chapter

The test on chapter 17 will be Thursday -- it will be ONLY on chapter 17.  You have been reviewing, so go over the material once again, from the textbook, in your journals, worksheets and labs, and on the blog posts, and from quizlet.

But wait, there's more:
- Start a new section in your science journal for the NEW CHAPTER: leave a page to summarize everything we do, like the one I did for chapter 17 Classification of Matter, above.
- Read Chapter 18, section 1: The Structure of the Atom  In your science journal, write out the vocabulary (with meanings); copy figure 1 on p. 545 along with the word-blurb, and answer the questions 1-6 on p.549.

-start to memorize the chemical symbols of the elements, starting with the common ones listed on page 544. Make flash cards.

A little bit more on the Cloud Chamber, which is like the bubble chamber mentioned in your text - that piece of scientific apparatus that can detect the smallest sub-atomic particles of matter.  Does anyone want to build one?  Extra credit!  I'll get the dry ice!